Celtic Mythology The Otherworld - 1739 Words

When it comes to celtic literature, the ‘Otherworld’ is a common theme found throughout various genres of literature which represents a sort of ‘heaven-like’ place. In Celtic mythology the Otherworld is depicted as a supernatural world that provides abundance, joy, and everlasting youth and beauty. We typically see the Otherworld as being very elusive, but in Celtic literature some mythical heroes get the opportunity to visit the Otherworld, sometimes by invite from one of it’s inhabitants or just by a lucky chance. While the Celts themselves do not believe in the specific idea of heaven, there are many parallels between heaven and the Celt’s idea of the Otherworld. Historically, the Celts generally viewed the idea of ‘heaven’ as boring†¦show more content†¦On their voyages they experience various different hardships that they must overcome and involve a character going out and seeking revenge, but coming back and learning of forgiveness. Evidence of the concept of the Otherworld existing in Celtic literature is even seen throughout other historical narratives, with the idea of an island off the coast of Ireland existing, referred to as ‘Brasil’. This idea embodied the Irish idea of a perfect place that had a perfect climate and abundance of lavish luxuries. This idea began to extend to other countries, where explorers and conquistadors would set out in search of these mystical lands. This was the pull factor for Columbus beginning his expedition in order to find these lands which promised luxuries and perfect weather. Despite the fact that this island did not actually exist, it reiterates the concept which the Celts had instilled in their history of this idea of the Otherworld. These concepts surrounding the Otherworld are reiterated throughout Celtic literature, with the Otherworld and human world being able to coexist, with the two groups of people regularly being able to interact with one another, often times with grave consequences. However, those who inhabit the Otherworld naturally have an advantage over those in the human world and usually always win and get the revenge that they seek out. Realistically speaking, weShow MoreRelated Scandinavian Mythologies Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesFrom three different sources The Faerie Queene, The Mabinogion and Beowulf two concept, one from each Celtic and Scandinavian Mythologies can be seen. The first concept is from Scandinavian mythology and is that of the idea of redemption or dying well. The second is from Celtic mythology and is the use of the Other or Otherworld. From the two stories, The Faerie Queene and The Mabinogion, what would give the reader the greatest feeling of hope throughout them both would be the idea of comeuppanceRead MoreThe Celtic And Roman Religions Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief in life after death. The druids, the early Celtic priesthood, were said by Caesar to have taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls along with astronomy and the nature and power of the gods. Transmigration is a philosophy of reincarnation incorporating the specific belief that after death, the soul of a living being is then transferred (or transmigrates) into another living form and thus takes birth again. The Irish believed in an Otherworld, which they described sometimes as undergroundRead MoreThe Order Of The White Moon Goddess Gallery Presents1705 Words   |  7 PagesDanu. It is said that the Goddess Brigid was born at the exact moment of the sunrise. It is said that she rose into the sky with the sun, rays of fire beaming from her head. In Druid mythology, the infant Goddess was fed with milk from a sacred Cow from the Otherworld. Brigit owned an apple orchard in the Otherworld, and her bees would bring their magical nectar back to earth for her. Her power is manifested through bees and there are stories that Brigit helped those in need by sending her bees towardsRead MoreEssay about The Once and Future King1411 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped out of Celtic mythology. Regardless of its origins, the Arthurian legend has done nothing but grow. The earliest mention of a possible Arthur is in the Welsh poem Gododdin, which was written circa 600 AD, in which a mighty warrior is menti oned. The Mabinogin is a collection of Welsh tales that includes a few King Arthur stories. These stories include The Spoils of Annwfn and the tale of Culhwch and Olwen. In The Spoils of Annwfn, Arthur and his followers go to the Celtic Otherworld in his PrydwennRead MoreMorgan Le Fay5287 Words   |  22 PagesBritain is in need of him. Marian Zimmer Bradley rescues Morgan le Fay from the Medieval sources, and tells the story from Morgan’s own point of view, as recently seen in the excellent movie, The Mists of Avalon, based on her novel. Celtic Story Morgan was a Celtic Queen. One of the definitions of the name Morgan is â€Å"Great Queen† (Mohr Righan), which may have been an ancient royal title. The early Celts were matriarchal, and during the transition from matriarch to patriarchy, they went by DruidicRead MoreEssay on A Conspiracy Phenomenon: Alien Abductions in the U.S.2997 Words   |  12 Pagesare thoroughly imbedded in popular US culture that, as we shall see, they are really a part of how it developed and grew. By investigating the story narrative of alien abduction accounts we can trace their possible origins in ancient folklore and mythology, and recognise how they have influenced both conspiracy theorists and popular media to become one of the most familiar parts of conspiracy culture in America. Aliens and related conspiracy theories have a symbiotic relationship to American culture;

Mass communication Free Essays

In a face-to-face communication, the source or the person who started talking to you expresses himself through the message in Aramaic. The encoding process involves his motor skills. These are his vocal mechanisms, the movement of his lip and tongue, his lungs, his vocal cords and the face muscles. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now    But what if the source had his vocal cords removed because of throat cancer? He may be able to encode his message verbally through artificial aid. But he may have difficulty doing so, nonverbally with the use of intonation, pitch and volume. That may cause the message to be encoded inappropriately or insufficiently. The channels through which you, as the receiver, receive his message are your five senses. The problem is you cannot understand the Aramaic language. Though there are channels through which people send information, there could be a possibility that it can’t be decoded. We cannot assure that you will be able to decode what the source sent, the same way he sent it.   This difference between your use of codes is an example of noise. (www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk, 2003) An example of a distance communication is through the telephone. For instance, you have a job from a faraway place. But due to a lot of work and the other people waiting in line to use the pay phone, you only have a few minutes to call a friend, the receiver. You are the source here. You express your message through the mouthpiece of the telephone, â€Å"which transmits the signal through the telephone-wire channel†. The signal acquires static noise as it goes. This distorted signal is once again converted so it can be received at the destination or at the other end, to the receiver. Loss of information may occur, causing the message to be quite different from what you sent. The possible problem in distance communication, like in this example is, whether or not the telephone system will work properly. (Griffin,1997) In public communication, the source utilizes machines, which transmits public messages that sent to large audiences, who may be at different places at the same time. The channels are media like TV and movies. The audiences are the receivers. (University of South Florida, 2005) The Shannon-Weaver, though offering an efficient analysis, does not involve much consideration of the traces of the emotional and psychological drive of humans behind the messages they send. (Buddenhagen, 1994) Generally speaking, the model is helpful in understanding the interrelatedness of the elements in a communication process. Works Cited Buddenhagen, E.   (1994). Communication. Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.explorit.org/science/bytes/communication.html Griffin, E. (1997) Information Theory of Claude Shannon Warren Weaver.[Electronic version] A First Look at Communication Theory.   Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.afirstlook.com/archive/information.cfm?source=archther Communication: Mass, Interpersonal, and Machine-Assisted (2005). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from University of South Florida, College of arts and sciences Website: http://www.cas.usf.edu/lis/lis6260/lectures/shannon.htm The Shannon-Weaver Model. (2003). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/introductory/sw.html How to cite Mass communication, Essay examples

Evolution of a Global City State free essay sample

Firstly, we can define being strategic as the abilities that one has to outdo one’s competitors and rivals, staying ahead of changes at given circumstances, hence successfully standing out amongst all the competitors and rivals one has. In the context of regional hubs being strategic in the pre-colonial Malay world. Any regional hubs that stood out successfully, beating his rival ports can be considered strategic. Regional hubs stood out because of inheriting strategic locations, achieved â€Å"strategicness† by differentiating themselves and gaining thrust to â€Å"strategicness† by various external factors. All these factors do compliment each other for the rise and fall of regional hubs. Being born strategic means regional hubs were positioned strategically at places, which were easily accessible by traders. Traders back then travels by sailing ships, which takes weeks or months to complete a round of trade, hence location of the hub is extremely important for regional hubs to stay strategic. Sailing of such ships are determined by wind patterns such as the trade and monsoon winds. [1] The trade winds blows from southern Thirtieth Parallel towards Equator in north-westerly direction. Where as the monsoon wind has 2 seasons. The Southwest monsoon winds from July to September that brings Arabia and Indian traders. Northeast monsoon wind winds from November to January, which brings traders from Bay of Bengal to ports such as Acheh in northeast Sumatra and Kota Cina [2] Though being born strategic is crucial, it does not contribute to the rise and fall of the regional hubs. Ports will not generally change their locations geographically. Moreover, climate and wind patterns are unlikely to change drastically that will cause a change in the influx of traders to the region, hence the rise and fall of regional hubs. Achieving â€Å"strategicness† plays a huge role on the rise and fall of a regional hub. It refers to the man-made unique factors individual regional strived to processes to gain competitiveness in the region. Those ports that were consider achieved strategicness had successfully distinct and differentiate themselves from the rest of the ports in the region. Temasek regional hub, it differentiated itself in trade. Temasek catered to the economic demands in the Asian market and Riau Archipelago by providing unique product that cannot be obtained in other regions. Temasek achieved strategicness by proving unique products Hornbill casques of very fine quality, lakawood of medium quality and cotton. The goods that Temasek provided for the traders were of an exceptional quality, [3] compared to the rest whom provided goods of unknown coarse and inferior quality. Hence Temasek achieved its â€Å"strategicness† amongst its competitors. Even after the fall of Temasek because of the revert in Chinese maritime policies, Melaka grasped the right opportunity to tie up with the Chinese court to gain â€Å"strategicness† over the region. [4] Therefore, achieving â€Å"strategicness† is a key factor contributing to the rise and fall of the regional hubs. If a regional hub did not differentiate itself from the rest or grasped the right opportunities, it will lose its grip of the regional economy. Attaining â€Å"strategicness† thrust can be considered the most adequate description for the rise and fall of many regional hubs. These are factors caused by external changes, causing the regional hub to stay competitive and strategic. The shift of Asian economic context in the late 10th century has created a change of trading environment to be a more conducive one for the pre-colonial Malay world. Before the 11th century, private traders were prohibited from trading overseas; the Chinese Court dominated the entire maritime economy. The lift of ban of private Chinese traders to travel abroad had created a gradual liberalization of the Chinese maritime economy. [5] This change had the greatest impact on the economy of the ports in Melaka Straits region. The growth of direct participation of private Chinese traders with the ports in Melaka Straits region thus eroded the importance of an entrepot. Port-states such as Palembang and subsequently Jambi in Sumatra began to lose control of the ports subsumed to them. The need for entrepot to facilitate goods is obsoleted, because the ports which previously subsumed under the entrepot, such as Tamesek were then able to pursue economical and political fortunes independently. [6] In addition, Jambi, was one of the entrepot of the time was invaded and overthrown by Singhasura. [7] The fall of Jambi resulted to an economic vacuum of trade in the region. This gave even more opportunities for more port settlements such as Temasek [8] to flourish along the Straits of Melaka. The fall of Temasek was also closely tied to the change of Chinese maritime policies after Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Mongols in 1368. [9] Hence, external thrust can play a huge role on the rise and fall of regional hubs. Lastly, all the three factors of being born strategic, achieved â€Å"strategicness† and gaining strategic thrust were important for the regional hubs to stay competitive. However achieving â€Å"strategicness† and having a strategic thrust can play a more significant role in the rise and fall of regional hubs. As being born 10strategic will not be the only factor for the rise and fall of regional hubs. Hence, the statement is appropriate to a certain extent.

The Cid Essay Paper Example For Students

The Cid Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Pierre Corneille NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Cid. Trans. Roscoe Mongan. New York: Hinds Noble, 1896. INFANTA: Do I remember whose daughter I am? Of course. I remember it so well, that I would shed my blood rather than degrade my rank. I might assuredly answer to thee, that, in noble souls, worth alone ought to arouse passions; and, if my love sought to excuse itself, a thousand famous examples might sanction it. But I will not follow thesewhere my honor is concerned, the captivation of my feelings does not abate my courage, and I say to myself always, that, being the daughter of a king, all other than a monarch is unworthy of me. When I saw that my heart could not protect itself, I myself gave away that which I did not dare to take; and I put, in place of myself, Chimene in its fetters, and I kindled their passions in order to extinguish my own. Be then no longer surprised if my troubled soul with impatience awaits their bridal; thou seest that my happiness this day depends on it. If love lives by hope, it perishes with it; it is a fire which becomes extinguished for want of fuel; a nd, in spite of the severity of my sad lot, if Chimene ever has Rodrigo for a husband, my hope is dead and my spirit is healed. Meanwhile, I endure an incredible torture; even up to this bridal, Rodrigo is dear to me; I strive to lose him, and I lose him with regret, and hence my secret anxiety derives its origin. I see with sorrow that love compels me to utter sighs for that which I must disdain. I feel my spirit divided into two portions; if my courage is high, my heart is inflamed. This bridal is fatal to me, I fear it, and I desire it; I dare not hope from it only an incomplete joy; my honor and my love have for me such attractions, that I die whether it be accomplished, or whether it be not accomplished. We will write a custom essay on The Cid Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

The Vikings essays

The Vikings essays Vikings, the term is given to a race of Scandinavian people who raided and settled in large areas of eastern and Western Europe during a period of Scandinavian expansion from about 800 to 1100. The term came from an old English word wic, which is a derivation from a Latin word meaning trading-place but for the people of the medieval age the term was used as synonym for barbarian paganism. The Vikings were an amazing race of people who immigrated and fought to survive. They originated from Norway, Sweden and Denmark. These three main groups of Vikings expanded through out Europe, but the ones this topic are interested in are the Danish and Norwegian Vikings who settled in Northern and Eastern Europe. These Scandinavians moved to find new lands, mainly because of overpopulation and scarcity. The Danish Vikings had an enormous impact on Britain and most of Charlemagnes empire, which was mainly France. They practically changed the culture with their art and craftsmanship; they influenced the language and government, with an idea of justice. They improved the European warfare with their famous boats. Vikings have influenced Europe in so many ways that it is hard to believe that the 18th Century idea that they were bloodthirsty warmongers was true. The idea of the fierce warrior was brought up when a group of Norsemen attacked a monastery on the island of Lindesfarne. A surviving monk wrote and account of the raid afterwards. "The same year the heathens arrived from the north to Brittany with a fleet of ships. They were like stinging wasps, and they spread in all directions like horrible wolves, wrecking, robbing, shattering and killing not only animals but also priests, monks and nuns. They came to the church of Lindesfarne, slayed everything alive, dug up the altars and took all the treasures of the holy church". The Norsemen probably picked churches and monasteries probably because they ha...

Qu son los delitos de conducta inmoral y consecuencias

Qu son los delitos de conducta inmoral y consecuencias Los delitos inmorales tienen enormes  consecuencias negativas tanto para los migrantes -legales e indocumentados- como para las personas  que desean visitar o emigrar a Estados Unidos. Y es que estos delitos, conocidos en inglà ©s como crimes of  moral turpitude o CMT o ICMT, afectan a la capacidad para sacar todas visas no inmigrantes, como por ejemplo la de turista. Tambià ©n son causa para que se rechace la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Asimismo, los delitos inmorales son causa de deportacià ³n y, finalmente, tambià ©n pueden impedir la obtencià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Por todas estas razones en este artà ­culo se explican cules  son las felonà ­as o delitos inmorales y cà ³mo afecta a cada una de las situaciones que pueden presentarse y quà © se puede hacer en estos casos.  ¿Cules son los delitos inmorales? No hay ninguna ley que diga cules son. De hecho, ninguna persona es formalmente acusada y enjuiciada por un delito de conducta inmoral. Entonces,  ¿quà © son? Segà ºn la Corte de Apelaciones de Inmigracià ³n (BIA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), los delitos inmorales son conductas molestas que atentan contra la moralidad de la sociedad, bien porque su autor actuà ³ con una intencià ³n realmente mala (evil) o porque actuà ³ sin ningà ºn cuidado o consideracià ³n, incluso con temeridad.  ¿Quià ©n decide que un delito o una falta es inmoral, que es moral turpitude? Las agencias del gobierno, como el Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n, conocido como USCIS en inglà ©s, o los oficiales consulares. Y por supuesto las Cortes de Inmigracià ³n. Hay que destacar que no hay opinià ³n unnime y que la misma conducta puede ser considerada de manera distinta segà ºn la persona a la que le corresponda valorarlas. En todo caso, a continuacià ³n se enuncia una lista de acciones que, segà ºn las circunstancias del caso, han sido catalogadas consistentemente como delitos inmorales, destacando que muchas de ellas estn catalogadas como delitos (felonies), pero otras son, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, simples faltas desde el punto de vista penal (misdemeanors). Pero eso no es obstculo para que sean considerados delitos inmorales a la hora de aplicar las leyes migratorias. Adems, hay que subrayar que algunos de los delitos de conducta inmoral se consideran tambià ©n como agravados. Si se califican como agravados, las consecuencias son incluso ms graves. Listado de delitosy faltas que pueden ser calificados como inmorales Delitos de conducta inmoral contra la propiedad: Extorsionar, hurtar, robar, transportar con conocimiento mercancà ­a robada o aceptarla.Defraudar mediante representacià ³n falsa. Es decir, presentando a sabiendas un hecho falso como si fuese verdadero para poder defraudar a otra persona.Alterar un documento con el objeto de lograr que otra persona, la và ­ctima, entregue un tà ­tulo o escritura de propiedad.Destruir maliciosamente propiedad pà ºblica o privada.Provocar un incendio o realizar una falsificacià ³n con el fin de cometer un delito contra la propiedad.Desfalcar, malversar fondos o chantajear. Delitos de conducta inmoral contra la Autoridad: Evadir a sabiendas el pago de impuestos, esconder tambià ©n con conocimiento a un fugitivo de la justicia.Falsificar dinero.Cometer perjurio.Tambià ©n forman parte de esta categorà ­a de crà ­menes obtener dinero u otra cosa de valor mediante un fraude cometido por medio del sistema de Correos.Cohecho, es decir, un soborno en el que la persona que pide o recibe dinero u otra clase de beneficio es un funcionario pà ºblico o un miembro de la Autoridad. Delitos de conducta inmoral contra las personas: Abandonar voluntariamente a un nià ±o, cuando como resultado el menor quede en situacià ³n de dificultad econà ³mica o contribuir a que el menor cometa un delito. (El no pagar la pensià ³n alimenticia a un hijo puede ser considerado como un delito inmoral. Asà ­ el hijo està © en EEUU o en otro paà ­s).Participar en un tumulto en el que se produzca una alteracià ³n del orden pà ºblico.Agredir a otra persona o bien con un arma peligrosa o bien con la intencià ³n de robar, asesinar, violar o causar lesiones.Tambià ©n estn incluidos en estos crà ­menes el asesinato, el secuestro, el homicidio voluntario e incluso el involuntario, cuando se el autor haya sido manifiestamente imprudente, excepto en los casos de accidentes de trfico que no se consideran como una falta moral, a menos que haya habido consumo de drogas, alcohol, exceso de velocidad a todas luces temerario. Delitos contra la libertad y la moral sexual: Bigamia, o estar casado con ms de una persona al mismo tiempoIncesto y estupro, entendido este à ºltimo como una relacià ³n sexual de un adulto con un menor de edad que ya ha alcanzado la adolescencia, aunque dicha relacià ³n sea consentida por el menor.Violacià ³nProstitucià ³nFraude de paternidad, es decir, que una mujer declare que un determinado hombre es el padre biolà ³gico de un nià ±o a sabiendas de que el verdadero padre es otro, generalmente por interà ©s econà ³mico.Actos de naturaleza sexual en los que no hay tocamiento con la và ­ctima, como por ejemplo exposicià ³n en pà ºblico y ante otra persona de las partes à ­ntimas.Actos lujuriosos y obscenos inapropiados (lewdness), como mantener relaciones à ­ntimas en pà ºblico. Consecuencias migratorias de los delitos inmorales Los delitos inmorales pueden afectar a asuntos tan distintos como la deportacià ³n, denegacià ³n de visas no inmigrantes, denegacià ³n de la green card y no aprobacià ³n de la peticià ³n de naturalizacià ³n para obtener la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Como causas de deportacià ³n, recordar que los extranjeros que se encuentran en Estados Unidos pueden ser deportados dependiendo del tipo de infraccià ³n que cometan. En el caso especà ­fico de cà ³mo los delitos inmorales pueden ser causa de deportacià ³n de los residentes permanentes legales decir que puede suceder si: se cometieron en los cinco primeros aà ±os que siguieron a la  entrada en EEUU y la sentencia fue de, al menos, un aà ±o.Se cometieron 2 o ms delitos inmorales desde la fecha en que fue admitido a Estados Unidos legalmente. Dependiendo del caso, podrà ­a obtenerse una forma de alivio frente a la deportacià ³n segà ºn los lazos familiares, tiempo de estancia en los Estados Unidos, etc. Eso siempre que el delito inmoral no sea, al mismo tiempo, un delito agravado. Porque estos à ºltimos permiten menos opciones. Adems, los delitos inmorales pueden ser causa de lo que se conoce como inadmisibilidad. Esto opera de distintas formas. Por ejemplo, es causa para la denegacià ³n de la green card tanto cuando se tramita por ajuste de estatus o por medio de un procedimiento consular. Asimismo, los delitos inmorales convierten en inadmisibles a los extranjeros que desean ingresar a EEUU con una visa no inmigrante o sin visa por pertenecer a un paà ­s en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas.   La inadmisibilidad aplica por delito inmoral cuando la condena mxima que se puede recibir es de ms de un aà ±o. Tambià ©n cuando se ha sido sentenciado a ms de seis meses de reclusià ³n. En estos dos la regla no aplica cuando se cometià ³ el delito con menos de 18 aà ±os y ya han pasado al menos 5 desde la fecha en que se abandonà ³ la prisià ³n o el correccional. Tambià ©n se es inadmisible cuando se han cometido dos o ms delitos inmorales. En este caso no hay excepcià ³n por cuestià ³n de edad. En los casos de inadmisibilidad podrà ­a solicitarse un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Si bien hay que tener en cuenta que se piden ms requisitos en el caso de que el perdà ³n fuera necesaria para obtener una visa inmigrante (residencia permanente). En estos casos de visas inmigrantes la ley contempla dos supuestos en los que se puede aprobar el perdà ³n. En primer lugar, si ya han pasado ms de 15 aà ±os desde que se cometià ³ el delito inmoral y la persona ha sido rehabilitada o, en segundo lugar, si la persona ha sido pedida por uno de sus padres, cà ³nyuges o hijos que son ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales y se puede probar que se da el requisito de dureza extrema. Por à ºltimo, los delitos inmorales tambià ©n afectan a la naturalizacià ³n para obtener la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense porque o se cumple el requisito de buen carcter moral. Es muy importante asesorarse porque en la prctica muchos de estos casos dan lugar al inicio de un proceso de deportacià ³n. La importancia de abogado en casos de delitos inmorales Los delitos inmorales pueden provocar consecuencias muy graves. Adems, tienen el problema de que no hay un listado cerrado de acciones que pueden ser asà ­ calificadas por lo que a veces hay una situacià ³n poco clara sobre posibles efectos. Tambià ©n hay que tener en cuenta que para tener problemas no es necesaria la condena, ya que es suficiente la admisià ³n de haber cometido un delito inmoral. Por esta razà ³n, es muy importante contar con los servicios y asesorà ­a de un abogado que entienda las posibles consecuencias migratorias de estos actos, y no solo las penales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Sexual Assault on College Campuses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexual Assault on College Campuses - Essay Example This case forms part of the controversy that lies behind such cases where individuals mainly female students are sexually assaulted but they never live to get justice either because the school administration or the disciplinary panel frustrates their efforts and/or the police officers who are supposed to follow on the same become a source of ridicule to the already frustrated individuals. This essay will, therefore, look at the issue of sexual assault in colleges and the role of the administration in handling the social vice. In addressing the problem, the campuses take the first responsibility in curbing the vice. Advocates for civil liberty hold that the campuses need to put in place stringent measures that will stop individuals from engaging in the act. Seeking for justice is a two-way traffic issue where as much as the school may want to establish the facts and make the culprits carry their responsibility, it is also possible that some students may try to implicate others for offences they never committed. It has already been established that there are students who ended up being expelled for offences they never committed. Some of the measures put by the campuses to address the issue are not practically such as advocating for an affirmative consent between partners at any stage of sex. Most campuses are also not equipped to handle such cases. In a situation where a lady has been raped, the immediate action will involve a visit to a medical practitioner for vaginal swabs to be taken that will probably aid in a forensic investigation. If the initial personnel that the case is reported to fails in adjudicating for such an action, it is likely that the evidence will be spoilt and following the case will be futile. The students need to be informed on the process of reporting such an occurrence. Most students are not only ignorant of their rights but also ignorant of the measures that they should take if they fell victim in such a case.  Ã‚